[ Content contribution] Summary of commonly used Linux network commands
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yanjuner
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2023-11-30 23:42
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Summary of Commonly Used Linux Network Commands
Explanation:
Ubuntu uses two methods for wired network configuration, so there are two configuration files (Deepin should be the same):
First, /etc/network/interfaces is mainly used for the server version of Ubuntu for ease of use;
Second, /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf can also configure the network. This is to adapt to the changes in the network environment caused by mobile office, and the corresponding IP will also change;
The strategy is to choose one of the following:
When managed=false in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf, the configuration in the interfaces file takes effect;
When managed=true in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf, the configuration in the NetworkManager directory takes effect;
1. ifconfig
ifconfig is one of the commonly used network configuration tools in Linux, used to configure and display the specific conditions of network interfaces.
Precautions
The network card information configured with the ifconfig command is temporarily effective. After the network card is restarted or the machine is restarted, the configuration will no longer exist.
In some newer Linux distributions, the ifconfig command has been replaced by the ip command.
The IP address and subnet mask can be temporarily configured, but the gateway and DNS cannot be configured (configured with other commands).
Start and stop the network card
ifconfig eth0 up #Start the network card eth0
ifconfig eth0 down #Close the network card eth0
Display eth0 network card information separately ifconfig eth0
Set the IP address of the network card ifconfig eth0 192.168.3.127 netmask 255.255.255.0
Add the IP address of the network card ifconfig eth0 add 192.168.200.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 #This will generate a virtual subnet card eth0:0
Delete the IP address of the network card, which will take effect temporarily. ifconfig eth0 del 192.168.200.200 netmask 255.255.255.0
Modify the MAC address and take temporary effect ifconfig eth0 hw ether 10:BA:CB:54:86:B3
2. IP
The ip command comes from the iproute2 software package. The iproute2 software package provides many commands (rpm -ql iproute |grep bin). This article only introduces a few of the commonly used ones:
ip address
ip route
ip link
IP address
address can be abbreviated as a or ad or add, etc.
ip address #View all IP addresses
ip address show ens33 #View the IP address on the ens33 network card
ip address add 192.168.100.10/24 device ens33 #Add a temporary IP address to the ens33 network card
ip address del 192.168.10.10/24 device ens33 #Delete a temporary IP address from the ens33 network card
Note:
The IP added through ip a add will become invalid after restarting the host.
There is no command to modify the IP address. If you want to modify it, you can delete the original IP first and then add a new IP.
ip route
ip route #View routing
ip route add default via 172.17.0.1 #Default route (gateway)
ip link
ip link #View all network devices
ip link add [link DEVICE] [name] NAME type TYPE #Create virtual network device
3. nmcli
nmcli is a command provided by the software NetworkManager. The following introduces the four commonly used commands of nmcli: network, general, connection, and device.
nmcli networking
nmcli networking #networing can be abbreviated as n, showing whether Networmanager takes over the network settings
nmcli n on #Open network connection
nmcli n off #Close network connection
nmcli general
nmcli general status or abbreviated as nmcli g #display network status
nmcli g hostname or nmcli gh #display hostname
nmcli g hostname newHostName or nmcli gh newHostName #Change the host name, which is stored in the /etc/hostname file. NetworkManager needs to be restarted to take effect.
nmcli connection
nmcli connection show or nmcli c #Display all network connection information
nmcli cs --active or nmcli cs -a #Only display currently started connections
nmcli cs ens33 #Display detailed information about a specific connection
nmcli c up ens33 #Start the specified connection
nmcli c down ens33 #Close the specified connection
Use nmcli connection to modify the connection:
nmcli c modify ens33 [+ | -] option option value or nmcli cm [+ | -] option option value
Common modification examples:
nmcli c m ens33 ipv4.address 192.168.80.10/24 # Modify IP address and subnet mask
nmcli c m ens33 +ipv4.addresses 192.168.80.100/24
nmcli c m ens33 ipv4.method manual # Modify to static configuration, default is auto
nmcli c m ens33 ipv4.gateway 192.168.80.2 # Modify default gateway
nmcli c m ens33 ipv4.dns 192.168.80.2 # Modify DNS
nmcli c m ens33 +ipv4.dns 223.5.5.5 # Add an Alibaba DNS
nmcli c m ens33 connection.autoconnect yes # Start the network card at boot
Notice：
* ipv4.address must be modified first, and then ipv4.method can be modified!
* Use empty quotes "" to replace the value of the option to set the option back to its default value! Such as nmcli c m ens33 ipv4.method ""
New connection configuration: (This is a network session function. For example, when a laptop is used on the company network, the IP address is manually assigned, and when used at home, the address is automatically assigned by DHCP. At this time, two sessions can be created and switched to different When using the environment, activate the corresponding network session to realize automatic switching of network information.)
nmcli c add type Connection type option option value nmcli c add type ethernet con-name ens36 ifname ens36 #con-name Is the session name, also known as the network profile name
nmcli c delete ens33 #Delete the specified connection
nmcli c reload #Reload network configuration
nmcli device
Display the status of all network interface devices nmcli device status or nmcli d
Show details of all devices nmcli d show or nmcli d sh
Show detailed information about a specific device nmcli d sh ens33
Connect the device. If ens33 is connected, the ens33 network card will be restarted. nmcli d connect ens33 or nmcli d c ens33
Disconnect device nmcli d disconnect ens33 or nmcli d d ens33
Other related commands:
View status：systemctl status NetworkManager
start up：systemctl start NetworkManager
Restart：systemctl restart NetworkManager
closure：systemctl stop NetworkManager
Check whether it starts at startup：systemctl is-enabled NetworkManager
boot：systemctl enable NetworkManager
Disable startup：systemctl disable NetworkManager
4. Wireless network
iw
iw list #Get all devices
ifconfig wlan0 up #Activate network card
iw dev wlan0 scan #Scan
iw wlan0 connect foo #Connect to the unencrypted hotspot foo
wpa_passphrase test 12345678 >> /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf #Configure connection wifi, test is the wireless SSID, 12345678 is the password
wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf #Connect to wifi device
中文 
Summary of Commonly Used Linux Network Commands
Explanation:
Ubuntu uses two methods for wired network configuration, so there are two configuration files (Deepin should be the same):
First, /etc/network/interfaces is mainly used for the server version of Ubuntu for ease of use;
Second, /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf can also configure the network. This is to adapt to the changes in the network environment caused by mobile office, and the corresponding IP will also change;
The strategy is to choose one of the following:
When managed=false in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf, the configuration in the interfaces file takes effect;
When managed=true in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf, the configuration in the NetworkManager directory takes effect;
1. ifconfig
ifconfig eth0 up #Start the network card eth0
ifconfig eth0 down #Close the network card eth0
ifconfig eth0ifconfig eth0 192.168.3.127 netmask 255.255.255.0ifconfig eth0 add 192.168.200.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 #This will generate a virtual subnet card eth0:0ifconfig eth0 del 192.168.200.200 netmask 255.255.255.0ifconfig eth0 hw ether 10:BA:CB:54:86:B32. IP
The ip command comes from the iproute2 software package. The iproute2 software package provides many commands (rpm -ql iproute |grep bin). This article only introduces a few of the commonly used ones:
address can be abbreviated as a or ad or add, etc.
The IP added through ip a add will become invalid after restarting the host.
There is no command to modify the IP address. If you want to modify it, you can delete the original IP first and then add a new IP.
3. nmcli
nmcli is a command provided by the software NetworkManager. The following introduces the four commonly used commands of nmcli: network, general, connection, and device.
nmcli networking
nmcli general
nmcli connection
Use nmcli connection to modify the connection:
Common modification examples:
New connection configuration: (This is a network session function. For example, when a laptop is used on the company network, the IP address is manually assigned, and when used at home, the address is automatically assigned by DHCP. At this time, two sessions can be created and switched to different When using the environment, activate the corresponding network session to realize automatic switching of network information.)
nmcli c add type Connection type option option valuenmcli c add type ethernet con-name ens36 ifname ens36 #con-name Is the session name, also known as the network profile namenmcli device
nmcli device status or nmcli dnmcli d show or nmcli d shnmcli d sh ens33nmcli d connect ens33 or nmcli d c ens33nmcli d disconnect ens33 or nmcli d d ens33Other related commands:
4. Wireless network
sudo dhclient wlan0